Engineering Health and Safety Principles

Engineering Health and Safety Principles 1. What are the main responsibilities of the employer and the employee under Health and Safety Act 1992? Answer : Duties of employers: Every employer shall take all practicable steps to ensure that no action or inaction of any employee while at work harms any other person. Duties of employees Every employee shall take all practicable steps to ensure- (a) the employees safety while at work (including by using suitable protective clothing and suitable protective equipment provided by the employer (b) that no action or inaction of the employee while at work causes harm to any other person. (health and sefatey in employment act 1992, 2014) 2. In marking the choice of which type of cutting fluid to use, many factors have to be considered. Name two of the important factors? Answer: selection of the cutting fluid generally depends on the types of machining process whether coolant, lubricant or both are required. Though selection for the effective cutting fluid depends the various factors which are type of machining , tool and workpiece materials, cutting speed, and the method of application. For example: machining process with slower cutting operation and where tools are exposed to high pressure in such cases fluid with good lubricating characteristics is required. Whereas, selection for the fluid is changed in high speed operation as in high speed operation temperature rises significantly so that fluid which has good cooling capacity and with some lubricity is required. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 617) 3. What is the purpose of chip breakers in the Turning Process? Answer: purpose of chip breaker in turning process: chip breaker controls the flow of the chip during machining. Eliminates the long chips as it can be hazard. Also reduce the heat. Reduce the intendancy of the vibration. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 607) 4. What effect would decrease the cutting speed have on tool life of a milling cutter? Answer: Because high cutting speed increases the temperature which results into the shorting of the tool. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 585) 5. Name two ways work can be held on a cylindrical grinder? Answer: Universal grinding: In universal grinding, both the workpiece and the wheel axes can be moved and swivelled around a horizontal plane, thus permitting the grinding of tapers and other shapes Thread grinding: thread grinding is done cylindrical grinders, using specially dressed wheels matching the shape of the thread. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 748) 6. how is feed specified on a drilling machine? Answer: Diameter of Drill Inches Feed Inches per Revolution Under 1/8 .001 to .003 1/8 to 1/4 .002 to .006 1/4 to 1/2 .004 to .010 1/2 to 1 inch .007 to .015 1 inch and over .015 to .025 (drill feeds and speeds, n.d.) 7. What is the difference between truing and dressing a grinding wheel? Answer: dressing is the process of a conditioning, producing sharp new edges on worn grains on the grinding surface of a wheel Truing: truing is the process of producing a true circle on a wheel that has become out of round. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 744) 8. In wire cut EDM, why does electrode wear not affect the accuracy of the cut? Answer: Because electrode doesnt touches the workpiece. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 781) 9. What is concurrent engineering? Answer: Concurrent engineering also known as integrated product development (IPD) its methodology is based on the parallelisation of task which means preforming the task concurrently. Concurrent engineering prefers to an approach to new product development in which all other engineering functions like design engineering, manufacturing engineering and other functions are integrated together in order to reduce the elapsed time required to bring new product to the market. (concurrent engineering , 2017) 10. In welding, what do the letters GTAW stand for? Answer: Gas tungsten arc welding (GTAW, 2017) 11. Define break-even point when comparing two types of machines making the same part? Answer: Break-even perspective are the purpose which offers precisely disguise its costs. Therefore these methods not lead to any benefit or reduction. When two different machines are making same part, the purpose of which is to offers disguise costs. 12. In machining operations, how does forming differ from generating? Answer: generating: generating machining operations of the workpiece are dependent on the feed or the movement of the cutting tool which involves different turning operations such as straight cutting, taper turning, peripheral milling and profile milling. Whereas forming machining operations is based workpiece geometry dependent on the tool geometry. Cutting edge of the tool and surface of the work part has the reverse shape example: form turning, broaching, drilling. (Forming and Generating Method in Lathe Machine Operations, 2016) 13. What are the two forms of broaching and what types of machine is used for each form? Answer: surface broaches: surface broches which generally used for cutting flat surface. Broches includes slab, slot, contour, dovetail, pot ( for precision external shapes) and straddle. Internal broaches: internal broaches which is generally used for close-tolerance hole. Broches includes hole keyway, internal gear, rifling (for gun barrels). (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 684) 14. What is difference between a CNC machining centre and a universal milling machine? Answer: cnc machining centre is computer controlled program, which takes the instruction from the computer to select and control tools that used for cutting or shaping the metal to new product. Whereas universal milling machine is fitted with table so that it can have motion in all direction and also diving head which has ability to change gears so they can perform milling operation in all the direction. (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, pp. 703,705,669) 15. State an essential requirement for a lathe, which is intended to be used with diamond tooling Answer: diamond tooling is done when we have to give good surface finish and critical dimension for example: for polishing granite (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, p. 614) 16. What type of machining process would be used to cut an external keyway in a shaft? Answer: machining process used to cut keyways in a shaft is keyway broaching also known as spline broaching (coupling answers, 2014) 17. Define what is meant by CAD CAM? Answer: CAD: computer aided design CAD, which basically based on the principle of creating a technical drawing using different software like AUTOCAD, SOLIDWORKS, and PRO-E CAM: computer aided manufacturing Whereas CAM is referred as an software use to control manufacturing process like controlling machining tool which gives high precision. Machine used on the principle of CAM is known as CNC computer numerical control machine. (wikipedia , 2017) 18. Name two materials used to produce EDM electrodes for a sink type machine Answer: The materials which are commonly used for the making sinker EDM electrode are graphite, brass or copper tungsten. Graphite is used because of its superior machining capabilities and wearability, and copper is used because of its fine finish requirements. (qualitty EDM, 2008) 19. What feature controls the cutting speed of a milling centre? Answer: As we know the cutting speed V in peripheral milling is the surface speed of the cutter V = à Ã¢â€š ¬DN Where D is the cutter diameter and N is the rotational speed of the cutter. Thus cutting speed is directly dependent on the diameter and as well as the rotational speed of the cutter. (serope kalpakjian, 2014) 20. What is the main difference in the type of materials that can be machined when using either EDM or Water Jet cutting process? Answer: water jet cutting process: non-conductive material such as glass. Wood, plastic, ceramic EDM: material needs to be electrical conductive as EDM cuts through sparks such as graphite and metal (advanced manufractruring , 2005) 21. Compare 2 of the following casting processes on surface finish, accuracy, type of pattern and cost a. Sand moulding b. Shell moulding c. Gravity die casting d. Pressure die casting Answer: Sand moulding Shell moulding Surface finish Not good machining, forging, may required to obtain the required shape followed by the quality control Good surface finish Accuracy Dimensionally accurate High precision Type of pattern Match plate pattern Many pattern Cost Low cost Low cost (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, pp. 705,711) 22. Explain the purpose for which the investment casting process is used. Indicate the type of material that can be cast and some general estimate of the finish and accuracy obtained Answer: Purpose: knee replacement Type of material: ferrous and non-ferrous metal alloys. Surface finish: good surface finish Accuracy: high precision (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, pp. 271-272) 23. Explain clearly the difference between the HOT and COLD chamber die casting processes, giving the types of material casting in each process Answer: Hot-chamber process use a piston to forces a certain volume of metal into the die cavity through a gooseneck and nozzle 2.Cold-chamber process is where molten metal is poured into the injection cylinder (shot chamber) (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, pp. 278-279) 24. Giving examples of each show the difference between injection moulded and compression moulded plastic parts Answer: Injection moulded plastic Compression moulded plastic in injection moulded is used with thermoplastic polymers Compression moulding is used with thermosetting plastics for example: injection moulding is used for making chair. machine has three main parts i.e. injection unit, mould and clamp. process starts when plastic is poured into hopper from where plastic pallet moves to the barrel of injection unit inside, a screw transports the pallets forward t. heater bands wrapped around the barrel warms up the plastic pallets. as the pellets are moved forward by the screw, they gradually melt, and are entirely molten by the time they reaches the front of the barrel. once enough molten plastic is in the front of the screw it rams forward like the plunger of a syringe. in a matter of seconds, the screw injects the molten plastic into the empty part of the mould called the cavity image. the plastic solidifies in under a minute the mould opens and the part is ejected. for example: compression moulding is used to make rubber boots for which plastic is pre heated and then poured into the mould and held there for few minutes at fixed temperature and then finished product is then removed from the mould and then can be machined for further better finish or removal of the waste (plastic injection molding , 2015) (manufacturing engineering and technology, 2014, pp. 512,520) 25. What is the main difference between Hot Rolling and Cold Rolling, Giving examples of each process? Answer: Hot rolling Cold rolling Low tolerance High tolerance More Malleable Increase strength of material through strain Harding as much as 20% High temperature up to 1000F Low temperature equal to room temperature Sink when cooled down More precise dimensions Hot rolled steel is used in situations where precise shapes and tolerances are not required For example: used in welding and I-beam cold rolled steel is used in situations where precise shapes and tolerances are required. For example: used in production of metal furniture or desks. (n.d.). Retrieved from https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/difference-between-hot-rolled-steel-and-cold-rolled-steel/ administration, n. z. (2014, april 4). health and sefatey in employment act 1992. Retrieved from new zealand legislation: http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1992/0096/latest/DLM278829.html concurrent engineering . (2017, march 7). Retrieved from wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent_engineering coupling answers. (2014, december 2). Cutting Keyways Broaching, Keyseating, Wire-Cut EDM, Shaping, Milling . Retrieved from coupling answer: http://www.couplinganswers.com/2014/12/cutting-keyways-broaching-keyseating.html crayons, s. (Director). (2015). plastic injection molding [Motion Picture]. drill feeds and speeds. (n.d.). Retrieved from viking drill and tool : http://www.vikingdrill.com/viking-Drill-FeedandSpeed.php Forming and Generating Method in Lathe Machine Operations. (2016, februray 17). Retrieved from mechaenical engineering: https://basicmechanicalengineering.com/forming-and-generating-method-in-lathe-machine-operations/ government, n. z. (1992, jan 1). health and safety employment act 1993. Retrieved from New Zealand legislation : http://www.legislation.govt.nz/act/public/1992/0096/latest/DLM279232.html GTAW. (2017, march 11). Retrieved from wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gas_tungsten_arc_welding metalsupermaket. (2014, septemeber 14). difference between hot rolled and cold rolled steel . Retrieved from metal supermarket : https://www.metalsupermarkets.com/difference-between-hot-rolled-steel-and-cold-rolled-steel/ qualitty EDM. (2008). Electrical discharge machining (EDM). Retrieved from qualitty EDM: http://www.qualityedm.com/sinkeredm.html serope kalpakjian, s. R. (2014). manufacturing engineering and technology. new york: pearson. sme. (2005, october 1). Retrieved from advanced manufractruring : http://advancedmanufacturing.org/waterjet-vs-edm/ wikipedia . (2017, march 24). cad/cam. Retrieved from wikipedia : https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer-aided_manufacturing

Snuff Films Essays -- essays research papers

Also known as "white heat" films and "the real thing," the snuff film myth lives on like Bigfoot, despite the fact that no law enforcement agency in America has publicly admitted to ever locating one. Alan Sears, former executive director of the Attorney General's commission on pornography during 1985-86, agrees with the more than two dozen law enforcement agencies I interviewed. "Our experience was that we could not find any such thing as a commercially produced snuff film," says Sears. "Our commission was all-inclusive and exhaustive. If snuff films were available, we'd have found them." This sentiment is echoed by Ken Lanning, a cult expert at the FBI training academy at Quantico, Virginia. "I've not found one single documented case of a snuff film anywhere in the world. I've been searching for 20 years, talked to hundreds of people. There's plenty of once-removed sightings, but I've never found a credible personality who personally saw one." Yet the rumour of snuff persists. The scenarios are invariably the same - a remote jungle village in South America, a deserted beach in Thailand, the landscaped garden of a German industrialist, a lonely Everglades swamp. The victims are usually women, often performing a sexual act, their deaths sensational and unexpected. One of the most resilient snuff rumours concerns convicted "Son of Sam" killer David Berkowitz, who allegedly filmed the murders of some of his victims. Maury Terry, author of "The Ultimate Evil," a book about Berkowitz and cult killings across America, tells me, "Its believed Berkowitz filmed his murders to circulate within the Church of Satan. On the night of the Stacy Moskowitz killing, there was a VW van parked across the street from the murder site under a bright sodium street lamp. "Witnesses have confirmed this, although the van never appeared in the police report. Berkowitz or an accomplice filmed Moskowitz's murder, using the street lamp to light the subject as she sat in her car across the street." The 20-year-old Moskowitz was killed in 1977 in Brooklyn. Terry says the film was apparently made for Roy Radin, the Long Island impresario and "wannabe Cotton Club financier." "Radin was known for his huge porno collection and wanted to add a snuff film to it. I've heard there are ten... ...hit†¦ we ran out of film." Another voice whispers, "Did you get it all?" "Yeah, we got it all." "Let's get out of here." The sound of breathing ends. The reason why the film was a scam? 1. Who would promote a film that showed the actual murder of one of its crew? 2. How can a single camera show several POV shots but not lose the continuity of the action? 3. How can police and the Manhattan district attorney interview a woman who has been murdered on screen? Robert M. Morgenthau, the district attorney for Manhattan, announced in a news conference that he had determined the on-screen murder of a woman as being a hoax. "It is nothing more than trick photography," he said, adding, "the actress is alive and well." Prompted by continued complaints and petitions, Morganthau's findings were the conclusion of a month long investigation, in which the 'murder victim' had herself been located and interviewed by police. Shackelton, too, had been traced via the Monarch Releasing Corporation and admitted, after threats of 'considerable forfeiture', that it was not a real woman who was murdered. It appears that controversy sells tickets.

Mutual Funds Essay

A mutual is a kind of investment-company that combines money from many investors and backers and invests the money in bonds, money-market instruments, stocks, other securities and sometimes even cash. A mutual fund in basic terms is a large group of people who lump their money together for management companies to invest. And, like most things in the world, there are fees and commissions involved. Mutual funds are managed by money managers, who capitalize the fund’s capital and try to produce capital gains and revenue for the fund’s investors. A mutual fund’s portfolio is organized and maintained to mimic the investment objectives defined in its catalogue. A mutual fund has many characteristics, which are listed below. Investors and backers purchase shares in the mutual fund from within the fund, or through a broker or fund agent, and cannot buy the shares from other backers on a secondary market such as the NASDAQ stock market or New York Stock Exchange. The amount that investors purchase their mutual funds shares for is the estimated net asset value or NAV per share in addition to any fees that the fund may charge at the time of purpose, such as sales charges, also known as sales loads. Mutual fund shares are convertible, meaning when an investor wants to sale their shares, they sell them back to the mutual fund or to a broker working for the fund at the net asset value less any fees the mutual fund may charge, such as deferred sales loads or reclamation fees. Mutual funds commonly sell their shares on a continuous basis, although some funds will stop selling when, for instance, they reach a certain level of assets under management. The investment portfolio of a mutual fund is typically managed by separate entities known as investment advisors that are registered with the SEC. Furthermore mutual funds themselves are registered with the SEC and subject to SEC regulation. There are many forms of mutual funds, which include index funds, stock funds, bond funds, and money market funds. Each type of mutual fund has a different investment objective, strategy and investment portfolio. Different mutual funds are also subject to different risks, volatility, and fees and expenses. Fees related to a mutual fund reduce returns on fund investments and are an important feature that investors should consider when buying mutual fund shares. Mutual funds come in two main types, categorized by how the fees are charged. The types are load mutual funds and no-load mutual funds. A load mutual fund charges for the shares/units purchased plus an initial transactions fee. The initial transaction fee is typically no more than 9% of the investment fund amount or can also be a standard fee contingent on the mutual fund provider. This fee is added to your purchase as a sales fee. There are a couple different types of load funds out there. Back-end loads mean the fee is charged when you redeem the mutual fund. A front-end load is the opposite of a back-end load and means the fee is charged up front. A no-load fund means investors and backers can buy and redeem the mutual fund units/shares whenever without a commission or sales charge. Some companies such as banks and broker-dealers may charge fees and commissions for the transaction and exchange of mutual funds. Many no-load funds charge a fee if you redeem them early. Most people endorse avoiding load funds altogether and studies have shown that load mutual funds and no load mutual funds offer the same return, however, one charges a commission fee. A 12B-1 fee is the yearly marketing or sharing fee on a mutual fund. The 12B-1 fee is treated as an operational expense and is incorporated in the fund’s expense ratio. The 12B-1 is usually between .25% – 1% of a fund’s net assets. The name of the fee comes from a segment of the Investment Company Act of 1940. An electronically traded fund or ETF is a security that follows an index, group of assets or commodity, but trades them like a stock on an exchange. Prices for ETFs change throughout the day when they are bought and sold. Because ETFs are traded like stock, they do not have NAVs calculated everyday. References 1. â€Å"U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission Information on Mutual Funds†. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC). Retrieved 2011-04-06. 2. Fink, Matthew P. (2008). The Rise of Mutual Funds. Oxford University Press. p. 9.

A Math Nerd Who Can Really Love An Algorithm - 895 Words

Have you ever wondered what your credit score might taste like? Numbers reflect interest rates, determine the outcome of presidential elections and dominate global commerce, and in turn they govern our lives. But aside from a math nerd who can really love an algorithm? An innovative design project dubbed Data Cuisine counteracts this dim view by placing fuzzy math into context on your dinner plate. The process encourages people to examine topical issues by converting data-driven dishes into conversation pieces. â€Å"Food is very sensual and not something that we associate with the cold world of numbers, which is precisely what attracted us,† Mortiz Stefaner said, a co-founder of the Data Cuisine project. He met his co-creator, in 2011, when art curator Susanne Jaschko approached him with the idea of using food as a vehicle for numeric expression. He was immediately receptive to the proposition. â€Å"There’s a lot of meaning attached to food, but we never really use food to communicate information. That is to say; this food is about something in the most literal sense,† he said. The thinking goes; food is inextricably linked to the human experience. It’s no secret that one of life’s great pleasures is to share a good meal with friends and to talk about it later. Like Proust with his fondness for madeleine cake, the sensations surrounding good food elicit powerful responses in people. For example, the saltiness of freshly shucked oysters might transport you back toShow MoreRelatedTrends in Workplace17940 Words   |  72 PagesEleesha Lewis The ancient Chinese saying May you live in interesting times has perhaps never been more relevant. As the 1990s draw to a close and the new millennium fast approaches, life is phenomenally interesting--and demanding. Professionals who are responsible for workplace learning and performance improvement are squarely in the center of the swirl of exciting possibilities--and requirements--that are emerging. The inextricable link between rapid technological change and the emergence ofRead MoreInnovators Dna84615 Words   |  339 Pageshas dozens of simple tricks that any person and any team can use today to discover the new ideas that solve the important problems. Buy it now and read it tonight. Tomorrow you will learn more, create more, inspire more.† Chairman of the Executive Committee, Intuit Inc. â€Å" e Innovator’s DNA sheds new light on the once-mysterious art of innovation by showing that successful innovators exhibit common behavioral habits—habits that can boost anyone’s creative capacity.† author, e 7 Habits ofRead MoreCrossing the Chasm76808 Words   |  308 Pagespublished in 1991 by HarperBusiness, a division of HarperCollins Publishers. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 To Marie Contents PREFACE TO THE REVISED EDITION FOREWORD ACKNOWLEDGMENTS PART I Discovering the Chasm INTRODUCTION If Bill Gates Can Be a Billionaire 1 High-Tech Marketing Illusion 2 High-Tech Marketing Enlightenment PART II Crossing the Chasm 3 The D-Day Analogy v vi Contents 4 Target the Point of Attack 5 Assemble the Invasion Force 6 Define